Study guides for chapters 9 through 11

Chapter 9: Migrations

1. Forces that contributed to the emigration from Ireland (1846-1855) include:

2. In an effort to increase relief funds, Parliament extended the Poor Laws to
include Ireland. Thereafter, landlords were charged a relief tax based on the
number of paupers residing in their county. One of the consequences of this
tax was:

3. The term used to describe the 1980 migration of Cubans to the United States is:

4. Which of the following is a similarity between the Irish migration of the
nineteenth century and the recent Cuban migration to the United States?

5. Blumer identifies__________ as the behavior of groups composed of anony
mous individuals responding in parallel fashion to a common event or idea.

6. The view that migrations arise from multiple causes and involve concerted
behavior is identified in the text as the__________ view of migrations.

7. Relatively few young men are found in the refugee centers of Somalia. This is

because:

8. The Nez Perce people were pursued for eleven weeks, over 1700 miles, by the U. S.

Calvary. One reason they were able to avoid capure for so long was:

9. The Nez Perce were camped less than a day's ride from the Canadian border

when they were captured, the reason they stopped was:

10. Quite often, migrants travel el by ship, using the cheapest accommodations

possible. These usually third-class accommodations are refereed to as:

11. When the Titanic sank in 1912, the majority of causalities were migrants travelling

third class. The primary reason for this is:

12. Migrants are frequently exploited by others. In the case of the removal of the
Creek People to Oklahoma by the U.S. Army the Creeks were most often
exploited by:

13. Among refugees, fundamental social units such as the family and village
seem to endure. Regarding the social structure of refugee camps:

14. There are about__________ people living in refugee camps throughout the

world today.

15. Immigrant communities such as El Barrio and Chinatown provide recent
immigrants with companionship, employment, information, and relief from

the pressures of assimilation. Immigrant communities are often____________

than the larger communities surrounding them.

16. The study of migrations from the standpoint of collective behavior was suggest as:

17. The term "ethnic cleansing" refers to:

18. Open hostilities between Muslim Croats and Christian Serbs in Bosnia were
halted by:

19. The largest portion (nearly half) of refugees in the world reside in;

20. An "internally displaced person" refers to:

Chapter 10: Individuals in Disaster

1. Which of the following perspectives utilizes the mass hysteria perspective
and emphasizes that panic is a very likely and important response to disaster?

2. According to the "grip of terror" explanation of disaster response, the likeli
hood of panic is increased if people have experienced anxiety or emotional
strain prior to the disaster. This strain is most likely to be produced by:

3. According to Smelser's value-added model of panic, hysterical beliefs can
arise which greatly restrict people's attentiveness to their environment and:

4. Disaster Research Center findings indicate that the first rescue and recovery
efforts are usually made by:

5. Several studies suggest that in the United States, following disasters people:
a. become so emotionally overcome that they cannot help in the recovery

efforts, and must rely on outside assistance.

* b. suppress or "deny" their emotions of grief, fear, anger, and guilt.

c. almost always blame the disaster on government agencies.

d. become very greedy and try to get all the public assistance they can.

6. According to the SBI perspective, one consequence of extreme overcrowding
during multi-fatality evacuations is an obvious increase in the time needed
for dispersal. A less obvious consequence is:

a. increased intensity of milling.

b. increased intensity of circular reaction.

* c. breakdown in front-to-rear communication within the crowd.
d. increased ability to hear dispersal instructions.

7. According to the text, loud, clear instructions that identify the threat, specify
immediate movement, and identify exits to which portions of the crowd are
directed:

8. Descriptions of multi-fatality evacuations often note the inefficient use of
available exits. The text points out that all available exits are generally not
used because:

9. The SBI perspective suggests that multi-fatality evacuations can be avoided
by:

10. The reaction of survivors of the crash of Flight 401 as they waited over an
hour for rescuers to arrive was:

11. Dennis Wenger refers to emergencies as situations in which traditional and
existing social arrangements are sufficient to overcome the problems caused
by the disaster agent. A situation in which people must forge new relation
ships to overcome problems is referred to as a:

12. The "situational explanation" of disaster-related altruism (giving help to
victims) emphasizes which of the following variables:

13- Following the capsizing of the Herald of Free Enterprise, most passengers described their own behavior and the behavior of other survivors as:

14. Reports of terrorized passengers clawing at each other to get to exits when
the Herald of Free Enterprise capsized were provided by:

15. According to the findings of the DRC and other studies, which of the following
statements best describes people's behavior during multi-fatality evacuations?

16. Irving Goffman identifies strong norms that govern everyday behavior in

public places. These norms include___________ that restricts the movement

of patrons in hotels, nightclubs, theaters, and restaurants to specific areas of these establishments.

17. In his study of the escape from the Beverly Hills Supper Club fire, Johnson
found that under conditions of greatest danger, expressions of concern for
others:

18. Most fatalities in the Beverly Hills Supper Club occurred in the Cabaret
Room. The reasons for this are because the Cabaret Room was the most
crowded, had the fewest exits, and:

19. Henry Fischer's study of disaster reporting by Time Magazine found that the
least accurate disaster reporting occurred with respect to:

20. Henry Fischer's study of disaster reporting by the U.S. media examined:

21. The Life Safety Code provides a comprehensive set of standards that may be
adopted by localities with the force of law. Life Safety Code standards are
also used by underwriters and insurers. The National Fire Association's
investigation of the Beverly Hills Supper Club fire identified the following
facility and operational deviations from the Life Safety Code:

were no facility and operational deviations from the Life Safety
Code.

22. The Life Safety Code was developed and is maintained by the:

23. Compared to fifty years ago, the generosity and concern extended to disas
ter victims today:

24. In October of 1998, Hurricane Mitch tore across Central America, killed at
least 9,000 people and devastated property across Honduras, Guatemala, El
Salvador and Nicaragua. Weeks after the hurricane, thousands of Central
Americans were missing and millions were homeless. The international
response to this disaster was:

4. During disaster recovery neighborhood groups often organize fish fries,
chicken barbecues and other communal functions that sometimes create a
festival-like atmosphere. According to Wenger, this is evidence of the
increased importance of the__________ function following disaster.

5. The normative structure of communities is such that there is a tendency to
judge collective decisions in terms of long-range cost effectiveness. During
disaster, there is a normative shift toward judging collective decisions in
terms of:

6. In general, workers give priority to the needs of organizations that play a
clearly defined role in community protection, such as the police, when:

7. Interorganizational responses to meet new and emergent needs during
disaster are usually carried out through the use of:

8. According to Dynes's typology of organizational responses to disaster,
organizations carry out familiar tasks and undergo few struc
tural changes during disaster.

9. The term "expanding organizations" is appropriately applied to organiza
tions that:

10. Immediately following a tornado, groups of neighbors work together and
take an injured woman to the hospital, comfort her children, cover broken
windows with plastic, and begin to clear fallen trees from the streets with
their chainsaws and four-wheel drive vehicles. Dynes would describe these
groups as:

11. During disaster, changes in the way power is exercised by city officials and
police is likely to be in the direction of:

12. According to Dynes's typology of organizational responses, groups that
carry out tasks that are unfamiliar to them and tasks for which they have
received no training are:

13. Disaster brings about temporary changes among organizations as they work
together to restore community functions and structure. According to Dynes,
interorganizational responses center around all of the following concerns
except:

14. Findings of the DRC support the earlier claims of Turner and Killian that
when supervisors reinforce organizational ties during disaster what happens to personal allegiance?

15. During the cleanup and recovery following the Johnstown flood, many
organizations offered assistance including provision of hot meals, emer
gency shelter, cleanup assistance, and help in reconstruction. Most of these
groups were:

16. It is often argued that the impact of disasters is inversely related to the degree
of modernity or technological development within the society. The text how
ever, argued that the societies most severely affected by disaster are probably:

17. The text suggests that it is difficult for industrial societies to respond to and
repair the damage done by "silent disasters" which include:

18. When Roger and Carolyn each received word that a tornado had struck
Plainfield they were at work. Immediately following this news:

19. Since the species Homo sapiens emerged some fifty thousand years ago, more
than 90 percent of human social experience has transpired within:

20. The most disastrous occurrence for hunters and gatherers were:

21. The increasing number and severity of natural disasters since the 1980s
prompted FEMA to take action to reduce the threat that hurricanes, torna
does, severe storms, floods and fires impose upon the nation's economy and
the safety of its citizens. These efforts include:

22. Project Impact represents a fundamental shift in the way FEMA deals with
disasters. Project Impact is designed to help communities protect themselves
from the devastating effects of natural disasters by taking actions that dra
matically reduce disruption and loss. These efforts include:

23. The lessons to be learned from the Love Canal disaster include:

24. The text discusses "slow disasters" in which the disaster is recognized only
after irreparable damage has occurred. Slow disasters include:

25. Before 1979, Civil Defense and dozens of other federal and state agencies
responded to disaster on a disaster-by-disaster basis. Many services were
duplicated, while some problems were ignored. In order to create a compre
hensive national program of disaster mitigation, preparedness, response,
and recovery what agency was created?

The 1990 tornado that killed 28 people and devastated Plainfield, Illinois was part of a severe weather system that developed over south central Wisconsin. The system moved southeast into Illinois, and:

In 1993, record flooding occurred along dozens of rivers including the main stems of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. Nine states, more than 15 percent of the contiguous United States, were flooded. More than 50,000 homes were damaged or destroyed, 75 towns were totally and completely under floodwaters, and flood damages amounted to $15 billion dollars. Flooding displaced approximately 54,000 people and about how many people died?

During the Great Midwest Flood of 1993, flood damages amounted to $15
billion. Put in perspective, the United States usually sustains only about
_________ in annual flood damage. The dollar loss of flooding in 1993 cre
ated major budgetary problems for federal and state governments