Study Guides for Exam 2

Sociology 3323

 

Chapter 15:  Social Movements as Collective Behavior

 

Ghost dancing did not occur among the apache and Navaho

people.  The text suggests that this is because these

cultures _____________.

 

In a country where there is a clear separation between  

political, religious, and military authority what movements

are more likely to occur?

 

For Turner and Killian, the life cycle view of social

movements shows _________________.

 

The text identifies what two most important large-scale

 political events of the last twenty years of the twentieth

 century?

 

According to Blumer, social unrest can take the form of flight

 from the present life.  Since the 1980s this type of social 

 unrest has been manifested by _______________,

 

Blumer suggests that there is a natural life cycle for social

movements that is tied to the rise and decline of aroused

emotion.  In order for a social movement to succeed

enthusiasm must _______________.

 

Blumer suggests that there is a natural life cycle for social

movements.  The __________ stage begins when the movement

becomes recognized as a more or less permanent and integral

feature of society.

 

Some social movements seem to generate tremendous enthusiasm

and depart from traditional lifestyles but do little else.  An

example of this type of movement was the hippie movement.

Orin Klapp referred to this type of movement as a(n)

 ______________ movement.

 

According to the text, cults such as the Rajneesh Neo-Sanyas

International Commune or the Branch Davidians generally

encounter _____________.

 

What is most clearly an example of a value-oriented movement in chapter 15?

 

What is most clearly an example of a norm-oriented movement?

 

For Turner and Killian, intense commitment to a movement is

achieved through many elements including conversion, rewards

for participation, and_______________.

 

The African National Congress (ANC) was a social movement

organization that eventually took national office.  In its

79-year campaign against white domination and apartheid, ANC

used ______________.

 

What group was identified as a “suicide cult” in the text?

 

“The Minuteman Prayer” and the slogan “I love my Country …But

 I fear our Government” are referred to as ______________,

 

The Ghost Dance movement occurred at a time

 when _________________.

 

Kicking Bear introduced the idea of the Ghost Shirt having

magical properties.  The magic consisted of what power?

 

Revolutionary or value-oriented social movements are more

likely than norm-oriented movements in a country where there

is _______________.

 

 Blumer identifies five types of social unrest which give rise

 to social movements.  The types of social unrest include

 insecurity and wariness of the future, general feelings of

 frustration and protest over the present way of life, flight

 from the present life, the unrest of despair,

 and ________________.

 

Blumer suggests that social movements follow a natural “life

cycle.”  One stage in the life cycle is characterized by

unfocused social unrest, heightened by agitators, and local

outbursts of violence, revelry, or religious revival.

Blumer refers to this stage as the ____________ stage.

 

Jim Jones worked to foster extreme member commitment to

the People’s Temple.  Also, as the members of the cult were

drinking poisoned Kool-Aid, he told them that others would

come to realize that the cult was composed of brave and

principled people rather than social misfits.  He was

providing the members with what motives for suicide?

 

According to the natural history of the “life cycle” view

of social movements, the popular stage of a social movement

includes rapid growth and __________________.

 

    Chapter 16: Social Movements as Collective Action

 

    According to the collective behavior perspective, social movements are spo­radic and transitory social phenomena.

    According to the collective action perspective, in contrast social movements are: _________________________

 

    With regard to social movements, Tarrow argues that advanced industrial

    democracies such as the United States are institutionalizing the social movement.  True or false.  Explain.

 

    Public order management systems include three important principles:

    nego­tiation between affected parties such as demonstrators, counterdemonstra-
    tors and police; advance planning by authorities; and:

 

      One of the aims of public order management systems is to:

 

One of the objectives of public order management systems is to create effective lines of communication

between affected parties that can be used by authorities in case:

    

      According to Crozat, in the "social movement society" authorities accommodate, protect, and even promote social movement

      activities such as protest. True or false?

 

From the standpoint of the political process perspective, the 1995 shutdown

of the Federal Government by the Republican Party in their efforts to

imple­ment their Contract with America and the subsequent attempt to impeach

President Clinton represented: _____________________________________

 

The 1995 Contract with America contained ten bills and three resolutions.  Were these items long-time salient issues for

Christian and marginal activist groups?

 

In 1989 and 1990 Poland's Solidarity Party won elections throughout the

Republic of Poland. Solidarity began as a social movement and utilized what

kinds of tactics?

 

National opinion polls during 1998 and 1999 showed that the general public

disassociated Clinton's sexual conduct from his presidential performance

This disassociation occurred because:

 

A strategy by which corporations and other interest groups hire public relations firms

and telemarketers, build websites, and use professional canvass­ers to create the appearance

of grassroots support for a particular legislative or political agenda is referred to as:

 

Collective challenges to existing arrangements of power and distribution by

people with common purposes and solidarity, in sustained interaction with

elites, opponents, and authorities is Meyer and Tarrow's definition of:

 

In 1990, Congress requested that the Park Service develop a counting method

that would be public, consistent, and accurate. Subsequently, the Park Service

developed a method of calculation based on the use of aerial photo­ graphs,

the estimated density of occupation in demonstration areas and:

 

Since 1995, the Park Service is no longer providing estimates of the size of

demonstrations on the National Mall, Ellipse, or Washington Monument

grounds. This is because:

 

According to McPhail's research on demonstrations, the most common

dem­onstration event is:

 

The most elemental social grouping within large demonstrations is the: ______________

 

          Using the structure of exiting churches, unions, and other social movement
organizations to provide large delegations of participants for demonstra­tions is referred to as: _____________

 

According to McCarthy and McPhail, public order management systems are

based on the view that______________ should take primary responsibility in

controlling the demonstration events.

 

          According to the text, sociologists have developed a great deal of knowledge
regarding contentious politics, social movements, protest, and demonstrations since the 1960s.

       This knowledge has had what effects on society?

 

.       In preparation for a very large demonstration, numbers of demonstration
marshals need to be recruited and familiarized with the demonstration chain
of command and the agreed-upon agenda for the demonstration. Marshals
must also be prepared to handle medical problems and violations of the
demonstration permit, First Amendment rights and any other laws during
the demonstration. Often, some demonstration marshals may be trained by

        what governmental unit?

 

III. “Online Readings”

 

 

According to Bromley and Shupe, what methods are common ly used by the Unification Church

to build dedication in members?  Members of the Unification Church are more

commonly referred to as what?  Do Bromley and Shupe believe in coercive deprogramming?  Explain.

 

Have you recognized the TNEVNOC cult yet (if not, try spelling its name backwards –

get the point yet???).  What IS the main point (or points) you now think the authors are trying

to get across with this article?

 

What techniques did Jim Jones use to control his followers?

 

In "The Kanawha County Textbook Controversy," which of following is the best explanation for

the source of the conflict?  Marxism? Status politics and the "politics of lifestyle concern"? 

Convergence theory?

 

What tactics were used by those on each side in the textbook controversy?  With what success?  Why?

 

Lecture questions:

 

According to Marx, what is it that "organizes the social

system?"  What is “alienation,” and why does it occur?

 

According to Marx, what social psychological phenomena must

take place before there will be a socialist revolution?  What factors impede or promote this?

 

What is socialism?  How did Marx think society would be different after a revolution that

overthrew capitalism?  What is “neo-Marxism?”  How is it different from classical

Marxism?  Was Russia a good example of the type of socialist  

society that Marx had in mind?  Explain briefly.

 

What are the main critiques today of Marxist theory?

 

What were the central ideas behind Gandhi's method of

non-violent resistance?  Can you give a brief description

of why he was important to the history of India?  Did he

 have any effects outside of India? (In class movie)

 

How does the thinking of Marx differ from that of the

neo-Marxist Ralph Dahrendorf?

 

What are "status politics?"  What drives them?  Can you

give a couple of examples?

 

What is structural functionalism?

 

Can you explain resource mobilization theory?  What are it's

strengths and weaknesses?  What criticism of Smelser did its

adherents make?

 

What is "the authoritarian personality?"

 

Why was the concept originally developed?  And by whom?

 

Is it clear that most members of the New Christian Right

are found to have unusually authoritarian personalities,

and that this is the best explanation for their move-

 ment?

 

What are "cultural fundamentalists?"  What are "cultural

modernists?"  What are "postmodernists"?  How well do

they get along?  Explain.

 

Early theories of status politics tended to focus on what as the explanation for status politics?  How has this changed?

 

What event seemed to set off the culture wars between creationists and evolution supporters?

 

According to the reading written by your professor, what is the relationship between

terrorism and nonviolent resistance?

 

According to the same article, can to identify the Irish Republican Army and its importance to an understanding of terrorism?

 

What type of social movements are seen in instances such as the Branch Davidians or

the People’s Temple?

 

Who was the leader of the People’s Temple?  Where did the mass suicide take place?

 

What are some of the most common ways that cults try to recruit and control members?

 

How valid is the concept of “brainwashing” for explaining cult membership and commitment?

 

What do Scientologists believe?

 

Which “saucer cults” have we discussed?

 

The “charisma” of the cult leader is always the most important factor in cult commitment.

True or false?  Explain.

 

Readings re globalization:

 

In Friedman's "The Lexus and the Olive Tree," what do these two concepts actually represent?

How compatible are they?  Explain.

 

How does Friedman define "globalization?"

 

What does he mean by "the Golden Straightjacket?"

 

What elements constitute the Golden Straightjacket?

 

Does Friedman favor the Golden Straightjacket?  Explain.

 

How does Friedman feel about Marxists?  Explain.

 

Stephen Marshall's article from Alternet:

 

What does Marshall mean by his title "The World is Round"?

 

Does he agree with Friedman (the author of the article just prior to Marshall's)?

 

According to Marshall, how do the citizens of Iraq view the U. S. occupation?

 

Who will be the losers according to Marshall if the world becomes "flat?"  Explain

 

What is the "WTO?"  What does it do?  What does Amin think its effects will be on the citizens

of the poorer nations of the world?  Why?

 

What does the author think the weaknesses are in Friedman's arguments?