The field of collective behavior has what characteristics?

Gary Marx identified six major interests within the field of collective behavior, what are they?  Can you briefly

    describe each of the six?

One of the six major interests within the field of collective behavior identified by Gary Marx is an interest in mass or

    undifferentiated groups. An example of an undifferentiated group is: _________________?

Using Gary Marx's categories of collective behavior, one would most likely classify the social movement to establish the

    juvenile justice system in the United States during the 1890s as what?

Two tremendous forces of social change were unleashed during the eighteenth century that also gave rise to the idea of

    collective behavior. These forces were ____________ and _____________ .

Which theory is most likely to define collective behavior as spontaneous social behavior guided by aroused emotion?

Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber all offered explanations for the emergence of the institutions that came to

   constitute "modern society." In his appraisal of these theories, Gustave LeBon concluded that: _______________ .

Park and Burgess used the term __________ to describe the underlying character of collective behavior,

    which was similar to hypnosis.

One criticism of the idea that social strain produces collective behavior is that when strikes are settled or the hostilities

      of revolutions cease, conditions of social breakdown are likely to ______ when the strike or revolution began.

The term "collective behavior" was first used by whom?

The term "collective action" differs from the term "collective behavior" in that "collective action" implies what?

In the aftermath of the trial that acquitted the police in the beating of Rodney King, a Los Angeles truck driver was

      brutally assaulted by a mob. Many suggested that the mob had lost their usual inhibitions and, caught up in the crowd

      action, behaved in abnormal ways. Which of the view of collective behavior does such a suggestion

      illustrate?

The efforts of parents and other groups to censor or restrict pornography on the Internet illustrate which of the

      views of collective behavior/ action?

The notion that the Civil Rights demonstrations of the 1960s were a response to a breakdown in the social

      structure and a desire of the demonstrators to "set things right" would most likely reflect which explanation for

      collective behavior

The use of the term "collective action" implies that the behavior in question is: ______________ ?

By using the term "collective action," writers such as Tilly and Simon sought to avoid the implication that social

      movements were:

According to Herbert Blumer, a group composed of anonymous members from many social strata that acts on the basis

   of each individual seeking his/ her own particular needs is a:

According to Turner and Killian, teenagers and young people are more likely to attend rock concerts,

   participate in fads, engage in protest activity, join religious cults, and generally participate in collective behavior

   more often than older people. This is because young people _____________________ .

According to Smelser's value-added model of collective behavior, the physical resources, tools, skills, and knowledge of environment which people use in their daily life are referred to as?

According to LeBon, electoral crowds responded best to?

According to Herbert Blumer, the crowd influenced people primarily through: ______________ .

Which of the theory is most likely to define collective behavior as a response to new or ambiguous situations?

According to LeBon, the crowd transforms people, making them highly suggestible, emotional, and irrational. He refers to this effect as ___________________ .

According to Herbert Blumer, a crowd which is attacking police or rescuing

people after a disaster can be termed as _________________ .

According to Orin E. Klapp, mass hysterias can have a positive effect on society because they: _______________ .

According to Smelser's value-added model of collective behavior, relatively large-scale events which cluster in time and within certain parts of the social structure are referred to as: ________________________ .

What is the origin of the social behavioral interactionist perspective of collective behavior

The people attending today's class in collective behavior would be described as a __________ from the standpoint

      of the SBI approach to collective behavior.

A number of theoretical models have developed under the general paradigm that assumes collective behavior to be a consequence of aroused emotion. Which of the theoretical models is not a product of the "aroused emotion" paradigm?

McPhail's typology classifies gatherings according to their behavioral composition. In which category of gathering would behavior be most highly formalized?

Soon after 12:01 on January 1, 2000, after the ball had dropped, as many as one million people departed from Times Square in New York City and moved through the streets of mid-town Manhattan toward a variety of destinations. McPhail would describe this movement as: _______________________ ?

Sociologists often cite Charles Mackay's description of the seventeenth-century "tulip mania" in Holland as an example of mass hysteria. Upon examination, McKay devotes most of this account to: _________________ ?

Of the hundreds of socioeconomic characteristics, attitudes, and opinions that were measured with post-riot surveys during the 1960s, the best predictors of riot participation were? _____________________ ?

In the past, three problems have hindered the study of collective behavior. These problems are studying unanticipated events, finding ways to study collective behavior under controlled conditions and __________________ .

The Disaster Research Center (now at the University of Delaware) carries out many functions, including training students in disaster research and: _______________________ .

McPhail and teams of graduate students from the University of South Carolina developed procedures for observing crowds, using paper-and-pencil recording techniques. Their first observations were of crowds ________________ .

Rude's study of the French revolution was based on: ____________________ ?

In Mintz's study of nonadaptive group behavior, which experimental conditions were most likely to result in jam-ups in the neck of the bottle?   

 What research methods did Lofland use in his study of the Doomsday Cult?

Gamson and his colleagues studied challenges to unjust authority. In this study, the authority was unjust in the sense that the MHRC coordinator asked subjects to: ___________________ ?

Gamson's approach to the analysis of historical material was unique in that his data ______________

One of the persistent problems encountered by researchers in the study of riots is: __________________ ?

The primary focus of most riot participation studies has been? _______________________ ?

As potential sources of scientific data, news videos of public demonstrations and collective action are subject

      to what limitations?

The most recent methodological innovations in the analysis of collective behavior and collective action involve the use of computer simulation, which has been used to study all of the following except: ________________

Between 1959-1963, the Moonies repeatedly failed to? ____________________

Since the mid-1990s, communication systems such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, cable and satellite television, talk radio, and cellular telephones have made it much easier for individuals and small groups to get their message out to the world. In this regard, social movement groups and organizations ____________________ ?

Rumors are usually thought of as unreliable stories from unknown sources that are passed indiscriminately from one person to another. This popular view is most similar to which of the sociological views of rumor?

In Allport and Postman's serial transmission study of rumor, it is true that information was severely distorted as it was transmitted through the network of participants. This is primarily because __________________ ?

Allport and Postman note that leveling is a feature of rumor transmission. In leveling:

Unlike serial transmission, the social transmission of information (rumor) can occur without distortion because:

The view that rumor fulfills the psychological needs, unconscious motives, and conforms to the paranoid logic of those who invent or pass along the rumor and only incidentally conveys information is most similar to:

During the rumor process the group chooses between alternate and competing definitions of the situation, closely attending to some views while ignoring others. Turner and Killian refer to this characteristic of the rumor process as

Group consensus during emergencies may emerge quickly through the rumor process, which gives the appearance of increased suggestibility. According to Turner and Killian, this apparent suggestibility is caused by: ability.

During the rumor process spontaneous communication usually develops between people who do not ordinarily interact. Even conversations between strangers may be surprisingly intimate and candid. Turner and Killian refer to this open and free flowing communication as  ________________________ ?

According to Smelser's value-added approach to collective behavior, fear-laden rumors of impending disaster, lurid descriptions of crime, and stories of UFOs and monsters provide the basis for __________________ ?

In contrast to the "classical" approach of Allport and Postman, Shibutani characterizes rumor as: ____________ ?

In order to meet the challenges of everyday life, most people rely to a large extent on: _________________

Which of the following would qualify as a designative statement?

Which of the following would qualify as a prescriptive statement?

Which of the following would qualify as a framing statement?

Under what conditions might rumors lead to violent action?

The resource mobilization perspective focuses primarily on how ________________ .

chapter 5: mass hysteria

Johnson's Phantom Anesthetist study shows that __________ of the population of Mattoon experienced the hysterical

symptoms of vomiting, rash, sighting prowlers, or calling the police.

Events that prompt mass hysteria studies are composed of three general and distinct elements. The first of these is unusual and unverified experiences. The other two are: _______________ and _______________ .

Events that prompt mass hysteria studies are composed of three general elements. Of these, __________ refers to people fleeing to escape Martians, collectively demanding that management "do something" to prevent bug bites, or forming neighborhood patrols to frighten away prowlers

Of the three elements of mass hysterias, the most widespread but least consequential element is:

After interviewing Enfield residents. Miller, Mietus, and Mathers concluded that the actual number of monster sightings was much smaller than they had been led to believe from earlier newspaper and radio reports. More numerous sightings had been indicated by the media because: _________________ .

The Enfield Monster study found that some people actually tried to hunt the monster. These people were: __________

According to Blumer and other mass hysteria theorists, a mass hysteria is an elementary, transitory, and undifferentiated form of collective behavior that __________________ .

Johnson, in his Phantom Anesthetist study, underplayed the extent of male involvement in the "hysteria." A careful examination of his narrative indicates that male involvement included claims of gas attacks and: _____________ .

The response to the "War of the Worlds" broadcast is part of American folklore. According to the discussion found in your text, the broadcast actually caused: ____________________ .

Cantril and Houseman indicate that virtually all of the listeners who became frightened during the "War of the Worlds" broadcast: ___________________ ,

The Los Angeles County Health Department quickly identified the symptoms experienced by people at the Stairway of the Stars concert as a "classic instance of mass hysteria" that "spread like wildfire" among girls. A survey of performers (Small, et al.) conducted a few weeks later found that ___________________ .

Mass hysteria theory states that collective excitement is transmitted by way of "crowd interaction" and "intense stimulation." Which of the mass hysteria studies tried to determine the social networks through which the hysterical symptoms spread?

The independent variables that are actually measured and examined in mass hysteria studies are:

According to the text, the most common independent variable that has been used to account for incidents of mass hysteria has been:

One of the earliest episodes of animal mutilations focused on Snippy, the pony that was discovered dead and "mutilated" shortly after a Colorado UFO sighting in 1967. During the 1970s cattle mutilations were reported throughout the Midwest. During the 1990s domestic animal mutilations were reported in Miami and were blamed on:

Joanne was driving home from work late one night when a small, glowing disk flew alongside her car for about a quarter of a mile until it accelerated away. During this time she was very frightened and almost drove off the road. Later, at home, she realized that whatever she saw had not harmed her or her car. According to Hynek's typology, an episode like this would most likely be classified as a ____________________ .

Asch's line-judging experiments are probably not a good explanation of UFO sightings. The text states that this is because:

One of the tools used by UFO investigators is hypnotic regression, during which UFO witnesses can be made to recall details of their encounter. Law-son points out a major problem with this technique of investigation, namely:

J. Alien Hynek's sixfold typology or classification system for UFO sightings is based on:

From August to October of 1951, formations of pale lights were seen flying over Lubbock, Texas, and people claimed to have photographed the lights. According to the text. Air Force officials identified these lights as:

Both Neil Smelser and Orin Klapp cite UFO phenomena as a type of mass hysteria. Smelser emphasizes that UFO sightings involve panic: widespread terror, bodily symptoms of fright and anxiety. On the other hand, Klapp identifies outbreaks of UFO sightings as:

J. Alien Hynek founded the Center for UFO Studies in 1973 after?

The first flap in which UFOs were identified as "hysteria," "hoaxes," and "spaceships from Mars" was :

The term "flying saucer" was first used:

According to the text, the number of UFO sightings increased dramatically in 1952, the year of "flying saucer hysteria." Part of this increase was because more publicity was given to Air Force investigation efforts and _____________ .

According to the text, since the 1960s, Gallup Poll results indicate that adults most likely to believe that "UFOs are real" and that there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe are ____________________ .

In 1973, Dr. James Alien Hynek founded the Center for UFO Studies. The stated purpose of this organization is to:

Several contactee movements started in the 1950s among flying-saucer enthusiasts who claimed that the "space people" had benevolent intentions toward us. The first report of unfriendly intentions of space people took the form of: ___________

According to the Unarian belief system, 2001 is an important year during which:

Valee's twenty-category classification system of UFO sightings is based on the Hynek system but includes:

Which of the following statements would best represent the collective action perspective toward UFOs?

England's crop circles are perhaps the most famous and easily accepted UFO hoax in recent years. Doug Bower and David Chorley announced that they had made a hobby of hoaxing crop circles during the previous fifteen years and demonstrated how they created them. Their claim and demonstration have not convinced all observers, particularly cereologists, who note that:

When the Hale-Bopp comet appeared in the spring of 1997, a contactee group called Heaven's Gate picked up on Internet reports that a spaceship was following the comet toward earth. Heaven's Gate took this as the true marker that the spaceship was arriving to take them to the next plane of existence. Consequently, most Heaven's Gate members:

 

Chapter 7: Fads and Fashion

 

Fads often involve items that were common place among limited constituencies. CB radios were first used by ______________________.

 

According to Miller's description of the 1967 panty raid at the University of Iowa, the panty raid __________________________.

 

Coleco Corporation's Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were a highly successful novelty product fad. The doll originated _________________.

 

Evans and Miller explained streaking as _________________________.

 

Simmel argued that humans possess two competing impulses, ______________, and that fads and fashion can accommodate these impulses simultaneously.

 

The "natural history of fads" has been identified by many sociologists, and it includes the what phases?

 

The contribution of the media to the growth and development of a fad is most consequential in the _______________.

 

Herbert Blumer suggested that the underlying cause of fads is social unrest caused by such things as economic uncertainty and fear of war. On the other hand, Orrin E. Klapp suggests that the underlying cause of fads is ________________.

 

Smelser identifies fads and fashion as an example of a craze, a collective episode driven by a generalized "wish fulfillment" belief. The most common wish fulfillment belief is the _______ .

 

Smelser notes that fashion cycles consist of real and derived phases. The real phase consists of adoption of styles among the upper classes. The derived phase is characterized by __________________.

 

The emergent-norm perspective emphasizes that people adopt fad items primarily by way of _______________________

 

The social behavioral interactionist (SBI) perspective suggests that the timing of fad activities _______________________

 

From the standpoint of collective action, fads and fad items often represent good entertainment values in comparison to the cost of tickets to concerts or athletic equipment. Discuss.

 

The text describes a small crowd waiting outside a restaurant at 5:00 A.M. on a cold rainy morning. Why was the crowd waiting?

 

The text describes how, in the 1980's, university teachers came to use the personal computer midway through their careers. Most teachers had not had any experience with personal computers in graduate school. How did they learn to use these computers?

 

The first of the audio-animatronic toys was the ____________, which was the most popular toy of the 1996 Christmas season. This toy also inspired numerous websites that auctioned this toy for charity.

 

Streaking and moshing are examples of ______________ used in the text.

 

During the 1980's, costume-like casual clothing became a common feature of social life. The use of casual clothing began to intrude in settings previously reserved for formal wear, and into the public schools. For what concern did some public schools impose dress codes for student?

 

Sometimes fads can take the form of reviving earlier popular or traditional forms of action that can contribute to social solidarity. In this regard, fads can provide a social bond between groups that are otherwise deeply divided and in conflict with each other. What example does the text use to describe this occurrence?

 

Chapter 8: Sports

 

The origins and growth of many sports into their modern forms are characterized by increasing formalization, as well as suppression of the sport by authorities. In these respects, the growth of sports is similar to the development of _____________.

 

The "good old days" of English soccer, when hooliganism was at its all-time low, was __________________________.

 

Regarding British football, the "terraces" refer to ___________________.

 

In the football vocabulary, hooligan groups such as the Inter City Firm, the Red Army, and the Baby Squad are referred to as ___________________.

 

5. According to Peter Marsh, hooliganism, or "aggro" is a ritualized display of aggression and _______________________.

 

The 1985-1986 football season included riots at the Luton-Millwall match, the Birmingham City-Leeds United match, and the Heysel Stadium in Belgium. What did the Union of European Football Associations do in response?

 

Following the tragedies of the 1980's, being banned from European play from 1985-1989, and the passage of the Public Order Act of 1986 and the Football Spectators Act of 1989, hooliganism in England ______________________.

 

Measures to stop hooliganism, such as member-only plans, hooligan fencing, and the new Public Order Act had what effect?

 

Sydney Aronson notes that the bicycle came to America three times. In the first two instances the bicycle took the form of ___________________.

 

Which  group was formed in 1880 to promote bicycling and defend the rights of bicyclists?

 

Which U.S. president threatened to ban gridiron football on U.S. campuses because of its "brutality and foul play?"

 

When threatened with the ban of gridiron football, supporters formed the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States and __________________.

 

According to William J. Fellows's study of singing at football matches in England, it is not uncommon to hear over a hundred songs during a game. Discuss the football songs.

 

Elias and Dunning suggest that hooliganism may represent _____________.

 

In the early moments of the April 15, 1989 quarter-final match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest, Liverpool fans surged against the hooligan fencing and 95 people died in the crush. What followed this tragedy?

 

The research of Dunning, Murphy, and Williams has led them to the conclusion that football hooliganism is a social phenomenon deeply rooted in British society. Since the 1970s, football hooliganism has become _______________.

 

Elias and Dunning place sports in a central position in their analysis of how societies operate. They contend that humans thrive on spontaneity, physical movement, and activities that give full play to the senses, such as games and sports. They refer to this characteristic of society as ___________________.

 

Elias and Dunning place sports in a central position in their analysis of how societies operate. It is essential that society channel the pleasurable excitement of games and sports into ends dictated by the family, the community, the workplace, or the state. This characteristic of society is referred to as ________________.

 

Fellows identified a number of factors that contribute significantly to the type and amount of fan singing. There are a number of background factors that include ______________.

 

Elias and Dunning contend that the early development of many sports contains elements of informality that are also characteristic of _____________.

 

The majority of references to football in medieval English sources come from _______________.

 

According to Aronson, the "wheele," "hobbyhorse," "swift walker," "dandy horse," "boneshaker" and "ordinary" were all terms applied to what we now call the _______________.

 

In comparing traditional sports such as football or baseball with Xtreme sports, the text notes that Xtreme sports popularity resulted how?

 

According to McPhail’s research on behavior with sports gatherings, the complexity of the pre-game and halftime shows put on by the Illini Marching Band, Flag Team, and Dancers compares how to the game?

 

According to McPhail, card stunts such as those performed by the "Block I" during the University of Illinois football games were first performed by ____________.

 

From the standpoint of perception control theory, purposive collective action occurs when two or more people adjust their ongoing actions to make their current perceptions correspond to similar or related images in their minds. In terms of a college football game, this means that people behave how?

 

From the standpoint of perception control theory, the individual human being is a closed-loop, negative feedback control system. This means that people ________________.

 

McPhail describes how the football team and coaching staff interact in the effort to produce complex and successful plays and game plans. This includes diagramming and describing the play in great detail, watching videos and films that show how the play is "supposed" to work, rehearsing the play at practice, repetition, and finally having the coaches in the press box identify the corrections that must be made to accomplish the objective of the play. McPhail refers to this whole process as:

______________.

 

30. Purposive collective action occurs when two or more people adjust their ongoing actions to make their current perceptions correspond to similar or related images in their heads. McPhail describes how members of the Illini Marching Band create "similar or related images in their minds." This includes ________________.

 

Chapter 12: Individuals and Riots

 

___________ riots are characterized by collective violence between opposing racial or religious groups; most injuries and death result from attacks by civilians on one another.

 

___________ riots are characterized by violence centering on government policies; contending groups are usually civilians and police or military who are attempting to stop the disorder.

 

____________ riots such as the "bread riots" of the 1700s or the urban riots of the 1960s are characterized by looting and attacks against property.

 

According to McPhail’s review of the riot participation literature, the primary focus of riot research during the 1960s and 1970s was ______________.

 

According to McPhail’s review of the riot participation literature, the best predictors of riot participation were ______________.

 

According to the text, urban riots of the 1960s and 1970s were most likely to start or peak out on what days?

 

Couch pointed out that compliance with the instructions of authorities in riot situations is seldom complete. This lack of compliance is a result of ______________.

 

In the analysis of riots, the emergent norm perspective emphasizes what?

 

The Detroit riot of 1943 was classified as a "communal riot" and involved intense fighting between groups of whites and blacks and looting of property. The riot also included ____________.

 

The Kent State riot of 1970 is classified as a "political riot" and much of the rhetoric focused on what?

 

Viewed as collective action, the "beginning" of a riot involves disorder as well as an emergence of consensus among police, mayors, governors, and usually the media. In this regard it can be said that riots are caused by ___________

 

McPhail has made extensive reviews of films and videotapes of rioting in progress and has made field observations of riots. Regarding riot area activities, McPhail concludes that the violence is ________________.

 

The riot-related term "POMS" refers to _________________.

 

The text describes the violent beating of a truck driver during the 1992 Los Angeles riot. From the standpoint of perception control theory, this assault was most likely ____________ violence.

 

During riots, interpersonal violence often occurs when police try to disperse street gatherings or when police make mass arrests. From the standpoint of perception control theory, this type of violence is considered to be ___________ violence.

 

The text pointed out that during some of the first violent student demonstrations against the Vietnam War, students carried rocks to demonstrations in picnic baskets and retrieved their rocks after breaking store windows. From the standpoint of perception control theory, these actions indicate that students _______________.

 

In McPhail’s review of riot participation studies, 50 different measures of relationship between "experiences and opinions of discrimination" and riot participation were found. How many of these fifty relationships had a high strength of association?

 

Quarantelli and Hundley’s study of the Kent State shooting indicated evidence of the existence of all of the value-added components of a hostile out-burst except _____________.

 

U.S. presidents appointed three national commissions between 1967 and 1970 to investigate riots and demonstratons. All commissions issued recommendations along similar lines. Recommendations included _____________.

 

According to Eric Dunning, Patrick Murphy, and John Williams, soccer hooligans are often coached in violence by parents, older siblings, and peers to become skilled at using violence. Soccer related violence even has its special name __________.

 

Chapter 13: Organizations, Communities, Societies and Riots

 

What is the legal definition of riots?

 

Lohman’s tactics of crowd control are based on what assumptions?

 

The Iowa Highway Patrol used tactics of diffusion and communication during the disturbances on the University of Iowa campuses in May of 1970. What were their tactics?

 

Seymour Spilerman examined 18 community attributes in an effort to determine "riot proneness" of communities. Spilerman concluded that the only attribute that was strongly associated with the number of disorders within a community was ______________.

 

There are major differences in the way in which societies respond to riots. In recent English riots, the police usually sustain the majority of injuries. During the riots of the 1960s, police in the United States sustained what % of injuries and fatalities?

 

According to the text, the presence of the news media during riots, strikes, and protests generally encourages ____________.

 

Delay in appropriate police responses was noted by the National Advisory Commission as a contributing factor in the growth of the Watts riot, as well as many other riots during the 1960s. This problem was due to _______________.

 

During August of 1965, rioting in the Watts area of Los Angeles left 34 people dead, almost 4,000 people arrested and hundreds of businesses looted or burned. The Los Angeles Police Department, state police and California National Guard were needed to stop the rioting. The Watts riot officially lasted how long?

 

Sociologists classified the hundreds of urban riots that occurred in cities across the United States during 1965-72 as commodity riots, during which white-owned property was looted or destroyed. Violent conflict occurred primarily between ____________________.

 

Some riot and mob statutes make reference to the unlawful and violent "exercise of correctional or regulative power" by assemblages of people. These statutes address the actions of what groups?

 

During riots, police departments take on many features of expanding organizations, such as extending shifts and activation of auxiliary police units. This is because _________________.

 

The National Advisory Commission noted that the delay in appropriate police response to violence in the Watts area contributed to the 1965 riot. Police response was delayed because ______________.

 

Escalated force principles of crowd control are based on three assumptions: (1) Police have a sufficient number of officers at hand to carry out crowd-control tactics; (2) Officers present can act as a coordinated unit; and (3) police ________________.

 

Lohman suggests that disorderly crowds can be controlled by the unobtrusive removal of leaders. In practice, this tactic may be impossible to carry out effectively because emergent leaders are hard to identify and ____________.

 

David Schneider used McPhail’s differentiated view of riots in his examination of "riot proneness" of communities. Snyder concluded that cities were more likely to experience riots if they contained ghettos having frequent police/civilian contacts and _________________.

 

According to the text, authorities may limit their use of force to stop riots and other forms of social unrest such as demonstrations and strikes when they fear that the use of force may enlarge the scope of the unrest and ______________.

 

What organization issued the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and in what year?

 

Article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights if the right __________.

 

Many world corporations have sought, through various means, to make human rights an important component in business decisions. The text identified the human rights campaign of _______________ as the most noteworthy example of such efforts.

 

Three presidential commissions were established to study the urban and campus disorders occurring in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. Each of these commissions concluded that _________________.

 

During the 1960s and 1970s, thousands of civilian police officials received training in tactics of crowd control through the SEADOC programs. These programs were initiated and carried out by _______________.

 

The approach to the policing of celebrations, protests, demonstrations and civil disorder that emphasizes respect for First Amendment rights, open communication between police and civilians, and the use of minimum necessary force is referred to as the policy of ___________.

 

Chapter 14: Protest

 

For Klapp, protest is a result of social strain and accompanying tensions. The success or failure of protest is largely the result of _____________.

 

According to Smelser, opportunity for protest is one of the conditions of structural conduciveness that contributes to social movements. If authorities block channels of protest it is likely to produce ________.

 

Turner and Killian make the distinction between "primitive" and "modern" protest. The chief difference between these forms of protest is that ____________________.

 

According to one of the leaders of the parents’ protest against the Washington School teacher transfer plan, the school board’s best tactic or weapon against the protest was what?

 

The Carterville coal miners eventually won new advantages in their strike against the St. Louis and Big Muddy Coal Company. Their success can be described as a result of what?

 

A form of social unrest characterized by feelings of frustration over an existing mode of life and a consequent readiness to lash out in violent forms of attack on targets symbolizing that mode of life is Blumer’s definition of ____________.

 

Activity by relatively powerless groups, directed against a target group, characterized by showmanship, and calculated to bring third parties into the arena of conflict in a manner beneficial to the relatively powerless groups is a definition of _______________.

 

According to Lipsky, what is the best example of a protest group?

 

As a political resource, protest is not particularly valuable because it often fails.

According to Lipsky, protest seldom succeeds because of external constraints on protest leaders and _________________.

 

Protest groups may obtain benefits from protest, even if they do not achieve specific goals. Give one benefit.

 

Target groups may establish a crisis program to respond to the protest group

s concerns. From the standpoint of the protest group, this may be less than a desired response because the program only helps people when they are in crisis and __________________.

 

Protest groups often try to develop new solutions to the problems and present them to the target group. The most likely result of this protest tactic is _____________________.

 

City planners announced a 4.3-million-dollar plan to reroute streets to the new shopping mall. This plan will greatly increase traffic past two grade schools. Concerned parents expressed strong objections at the city council meeting and were urged by the city manager to design a new plan for the streets. According to the text, city planners will most likely ________________________.

 

According to the text, university faculty analyzed their salary structure and concluded that the salary structure appeared capricious and clearly discriminated against female faculty. As a course of action what did the faculty group do?

 

According to Lipsky, why are tactics of protest groups calculated?

 

Tactics used by target groups are calculated to give the appearance of change and concern, and to _______________.

 

Public forum doctrine in the United States generally includes government properties previously closed to "expressive activity" but which were found not to threaten "compelling state interests," such as airports, university meeting spaces, and municipal theaters. These facilities are now considered to be ____________.

 

Lipsky pointed out that protest groups typically have difficulty in getting media coverage for their side of the story. According to the text, this may not be the case today because ___________________.

 

In Gamson’s study of responses to unjust authority, the first sign of protest was a failure to carry out the MHRC coordinator’s requests in the correct or desired manner. Participants used very sarcastic tones, fake accents, or talked in the third person when being taped. Gamson referred to this preliminary stage as _____________.

 

Gamson’s study of confrontations with unjust authority involved the study of 33 groups of people, and what was the response of the groups?

 

In nearly every MHRC encounter, Gamson and his colleagues reported that subjects questioned the instructions of the representative. In some groups this took the form of clear verbalization of just what was wrong with the representative’s request, i.e., perjury. Such verbalizations are referred to as ____________.

 

Gamson and his colleagues found little relationship between successful protest in the MHRC encounter and subjects’ attitudes toward government, big business, and protest in general. However, _____________________ were related to successful protest.

 

In Gamson’s experimental study, protest took three forms: dissent, preparation for future action, and direct action. Direct action involved ________________.

 

In terms of public forum law, since the 1960s, when Lipsky outlined the dynamics of protest what has arisen?

 

According to Adell Newman’s description of the protest intended to block the siting of a landfill in an Illinois farming community, the protest group (CARL) was led by?

 

The mass hysteria, emergent-norm, and value-added theories of collective behavior describe protest as an expression of localized grievances, such as dissatisfaction with the actions of a local school board and carried out by small homogeneous groups trying to accomplish seemingly modest and definite aims or goals. Protest is a result of ___________.

 

While theories of collective behavior acknowledge that resistance by authorities can crush protest, resistance may also draw other dissatisfied groups into the conflict, broaden the goals of protest and ________________________.

 

In 1776, it was not at all clear to the newly formed Congress of the United States that the anger and indignation felt by many colonists would actually lead them to take action against King George III, his troops, and the British colonial administration. The Declaration of Independence was penned _____________________.

 

Gamson, Fireman, and Rytina’s (1982) study of protest shows that in order for protest to occur, reframing acts must focus attention on the conduct of authorities, thereby removing the acts of authorities from the taken-for-granted part of social life. As a reframing act, the U.S. Declaration of Independence text covered ______________.

 

As a reframing act, the last sentence of the U.S. Declaration of Independence is _____________.